Soya

Table of contents

    Soya and Soya Based Products

    Soya foods and drinks can play an important role in a healthy balanced diet; they provide high quality protein, a healthy fat profile (lower saturated fats and higher in unsaturated fats), and some can contribute to fibre. Additionally, soya foods and drinks are more sustainable than meat and dairy.

    Soya food and drinks can play an important role as part of a healthy balanced diet: several food-based dietary guidelines recognise the important contribution of plant food sources of protein such as soya to a sustainable and healthy, balanced diet.

    How are Alpro soya products made?

    Alpro soya-based dairy alternatives are manufactured according to a traditional production process by which the basic soya drink is made from the whole soya beans, only using water, heat and grinding the soya beans.

    The basic soya drink is manufactured according to a traditional production process by which the soya drink is made from the whole soya beans using water, heat and mechanical processes only such as grinding the soya beans, without the use of chemicals.

    High Quality Protein

    Soya protein contains all the 9 essential amino acids, in sufficient quantities, to meet the body's requirements.

    Soya protein contains all the essential amino acids in sufficient quantities and of high digestibility (> 90%) comparable to animal protein.

    Beneficial Fat Content

    Soya foods including soya drinks and soya alternatives to yogurt have a beneficial fat content: usually low in saturated fat and contain a good level of the unsaturated fats. Soya has a favourable fatty acid profile, an interesting mix of omega-3 and polyunsaturated fatty acids, in particular the omega-6 essential fatty acid linoleic acid.

    Raised blood cholesterol levels are a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. High intake of saturated fats are associated with elevated cholesterol. Reducing intakes of saturated fat and replacing with unsaturated fat lowers low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol which can help maintain a healthy heart.

    Isoflavones

    Soya is the main source of dietary isoflavones which are naturally present in many plants including legumes such as chick peas and lentils. Isoflavones are often described as phytoestrogens because their chemical structure shows similarities to the human hormone oestrogen. The term ‘phyto’ refers to the fact they are of plant origin.

    The other main types of dietary phytoestrogens are coumestans, prenylflavonoids and lignans. Coumestans are found in very small quantities in vegetables, such as peas, Brussel sprouts and mungbean sprouts. Prenylflavonoids are found in hop and its derived product beer. Lignans are found in whole-grain cereals such as flaxseed and in some fruits and vegetables (including celery, asparagus and broccoli).

    References:

    1. American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR). Cancer Research Update: Soy is Safe for Breast Cancer Survivors [Internet]. 2012 [cited 8/20/2018]. Available from: http://www.aicr.org/cancer-research-update/2012/november_21_2012/cru-soy-safe.html

    2. EFSA. Risk assessment for peri- and post-menopausal women taking food supplements containing isolated isoflavones. EFSA Journal 2015;13(10):4246 [342 pp.]. 2015.

    3. Gu L, House S, Prior R et al. Metabolic phenotype of isoflavones differ among female rats, pigs, monkeys, and women. J Nutr. 2006;136(5):1215-21.

    4. Jia M, hlman-Wright K, Gustafsson JA. Oestrogen receptor alpha and beta in health and disease. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015;29:557-68.

    5. Kuiper GG, Carlsson B, Grandien K et al. Comparison of the ligand binding specificity and transcript tissue distribution of oestrogen receptors alpha and beta. Endocrinology 1997;138:863-70.

    6. Kuiper GG, Lemmen JG, Carlsson B et al. Interaction of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with oestrogen receptor beta. Endocrinology 1998;139:4252-63.

    7. Messina M, Nagata C, Wu AH. Estimated asian adult soya protein and isoflavone intakes. Nutr Cancer 2006;55:1-12.

    8. Messina M. Soya and Health Update: Evaluation of the Clinical and Epidemiologic Literature. Nutrients 2016;8:E754.

    9. Paterni I, Granchi C, Katzenellenbogen JA, Minutolo F. Oestrogen receptors alpha (ERalpha) and beta (ERbeta): subtype-selective ligands and clinical potential. Steroids 2014;90:13-29. doi: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.06.012. Epub;%2014 Jun 24.:13-29.

    10. Pons DG, Nadal-Serrano M, Torrens-Mas M, Oliver J, Roca P. The Phytoestrogen Genistein Affects Breast Cancer Cells Treatment Depending on the ERalpha/ERbeta Ratio. J Cell Biochem 2016;117:218-29.

    11. Rowland I, Faughnan M, Hoey L, Wahala K, Williamson G, Cassidy A. Bioavailability of phyto-oestrogens. Br J Nutr 2003;89 Suppl 1:S45-58.:S45-S58.

    12. Setchell KD, Cassidy A. Dietary isoflavones: biological effects and relevance to human health. J Nutr 1999;129:758S-67S.

    13. Setchell KD, Brown NM, Zhao X et al. Soya isoflavone phase II metabolism differs between rodents and humans: implications for the effect on breast cancer risk. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94:1284-94.

    14. Soukup ST, Helppi J, Müller DR et al. Phase II metabolism of the soya isoflavones genistein and daidzein in humans, rats and mice: a cross-species and sex comparison. Arch Toxicol. 2016;90(6):1335-47.

    15. Speirs V, Carder PJ, Lane S, Dodwell D, Lansdown MR, Hanby AM. Oestrogen receptor beta: what it means for patients with breast cancer. Lancet Oncol 2004;5:174-81.

    16. WCRF Intern. Continuous Update Project. Breast cancer survivors: how diet, nutrition and physical activity affect breast cancer survival [Internet]. 2018 [cited 7/24/2018]. Available from: https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/breast-cancer-survivors

    17. Zamora-Ros R, Knaze V, Lujan-Barroso L et al. Dietary intakes and food sources of phytoestrogens in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) 24-hour dietary recall cohort. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012;66:932-41.

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